Failure to detect sarcasm is a sign of dementia

Recently i saw report on the above subject. It is quite surprising to see the correlation between failure to detect sarcasm and dementia. If this finding is to be believed it is high time that we can suggest our politicians to go through the tests. They should consult the neurologists and only when they are cleared of this disease they may be allowed to contest the election.

reiki and babies

Human body has been created with visible physical body and invisible Aura (Energy field) in which Chakras are located. According to western science, breathing is through nostrils, part of respiratory system; But Eastern science recognizes the seven major chakras. The Seven major chakras are meant for breathing the cosmic energy. Cosmic energy enters the aura and through the chakras reaches the physical body to make the mind cosmic conscious and to keep the physical body in good health with divine force. Chakras are so named because of their capacity to spin for breathing in and out. Thorough knowledge of seven major chakras, namely Mooladhara, Swadhishtana, Manipura, Anahatha, Vishudha, Ajna and Sahasrara are essential for identifying the disease and healing.

All the chakras make their appearance at foetal life but it is the Mooladhara chakra that starts developing in the prenatal stage. In the third trimester, of pregnancy, it develops. Hence let us start with the stages of development of Mooladhara chakra.

Mooladhara chakra (root chakra) is a self explanatory term. Because it forms the foundation for life (Adharam) and grounding the body to mother earth (Root/Moolam). This character and development is its manifestation of Kundalini shakthi. The development of other chakras depends solely on this chakra. The basic need for proper development in postnatal life depends on the protection afforded within the uterus of the mother. In intra uterine life, foetus is nourished by the nutrients through the mother’s blood. At this stage, the environment afforded within the uterus and the emotions of the mother play a crucial role with the development of chakras, especially Mooladhara chakra.

Normal development of child and character of the child after birth depends on this environment at the third trimester of pregnancy. E.g. when a pregnant mother is happy, enjoys a good healthy and pleasant environment, caresses her abdomen with love, Listens to good music, healthy infant is born.

In South India, the custom is to perform a religious ceremony called ‘poo choottal’ or ‘Valai Kappu’ when pregnant mother is advised to wear glass bangles. The jingling sound from the bangles while the mother caresses the abdomen, serves dual purpose of making the foetus feel secure and sound from bangles stimulates the nervous system.

On the other hand, if the pregnant mother is abused verbally and if she suppresses her emotions, the foetus reacts with speech defect, hearing defect or symptoms of autism. Traumatic experiences of the mother if she was subjected to heavy dose of antibiotics, any serious illness, too many exposures to X-rays, scanning, emotional resistance to go through pregnancy, she may give birth to child with problems. Unnecessary imaginary fear of giving birth to an abnormal child may lead to emotional disturbance in the subconscious mind of the foetus.

In both prenatal and postnatal life, feeling of security, protection is mandatory; when it is denied, fear creeps into the mind. In such cases, development of Mooladhara chakra exhibits defects in the form of deficiency or excessiveness of other chakras also.

Healthy Mooladhara chakra makes a person grow with firm foundation, grounding himself to the mother earth, feeling secure, ambitious, calm inspite of obstacles and opposition. A conducive environment provides full support for normal growth.

Good nourishment is directly proportional to good grounding, self preservation. These are offered by maternal care, breast feeding, physical protection, family support. Growing child responds unconsciously. Suckling, grabbing, crawling are sensory developments. The sensory developments help motor development. Both sensory and motor stimuli are unconsciously registered as experiences in the brain.

as the child starts sitting in six months, chakras plane change from horizontal to vertical. This brings forth the movement of energy from Mooladhara towards Sahasrara,. When the child starts standing and walking, the bridge between Mooladhara and mother earth is established which forms a solid foundation for survival as an individual.

Now you know survival of the child in postnatal life depends solely on Mooladhara chakra, which is associated with Kundalini Shakthi, at the tip of the backbone and the energy from the mother earth for grounding.

Mooladhara chakra’s function is impaired due to any trauma during the developing stages of the chakra i.e. last three months of pregnancy plays a crucial role in the development of the child.

When the mother does not like to go through her pregnancy, her emotional reactions lead to contractions of the uterine muscles. This affects the foetal growth. The developing brain receives the information resulting in abnormal development of brain??? Such children neglected and insecure, resort to a wayward life.

After delivery, current day mothers resort to milk substitutes and infants are handled by outsiders. Newborns need mother’s care which is provided by breast feeding. Warm provided while being cuddled, closeness of the mother and nourishment by natural breast feeding provide strength for the survival of the child and feeling of security. Immune system depends no Mother’s milk.

Any impairment during the period interferes with the development of the Mooladhara chakra. Foetus grows in a dark, protected environment, but when brought to this world in bright light with great force, as in caesarian, with forceps, premature delivery, the newborn undergoes traumatic experience???? Separation of the new born from the mother, viz. after caesarian operation, incubation, abandonment by the mother, death of the mother after delivery exposes the new born to traumatic experiences and weakens the first chakra.

In case of premature babies, modern technology provides artificial environment through incubators. During this period, the mother has no access to the baby. The physical touch of the mother, when deprived causes a sense of abandonment, fear, mistrust etc.

Damage to the first chakra could lead to congenital abnormalities like mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy..

In later part of life when Mooladhara chakra is not in balance, the person would show symptoms of BP, kidney ailments, disease of lower abdominal organs, reproductive organs, large intestine, and urinary tract. Skin, muscle and bones may be affected. Cancer is associated with the weakening of the Mooladhara chakra.

For a healthy Mooladhara chakra

care of pregnant mother

1. Providing nourishment to the pregnant mother & foetus
2. Providing a happy environment especially in the last trimester of pregnancy

Newborns should be breast fed. Mothers should always handle the body with care, providing a secure feeling and warmth.

Healing of Mooladhara is done by removing the accumulated negative energy from the Mooladhara chakra and other chakras in the body, which are also thrown in to imbalance.

Diseases - Due to deficiency or congestion of Mooladhara chakra.

Adrenals – Blood pressure, Tumor or cancer

URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys – Nephritis, Stores, Kidney failure

Bladder, Urethra – Inflammation, Urinary incontinence, Calculi (stones), Urethral stricture

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Ovary – Oestrogen deficiency/excess, cyst, cancer, hormonal imbalance, Hormonal imbalance at menopause, Breast cancer

Fallopian tube- block, Tubal pregnancy

Uterus – Menstrual problems, Fibroid, Cancer

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Testis – Aspermia, Lower sperm count, Androgen deficiency/excess, Hydrocele

Prostate gland – Enlargement, infection, cancer

Large intestine- Constipation, Diarrhea, Appendicitis, Colon cancer, Irritable bowel syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Piles

Skin – Allergy, Eczema

Muscles – Weakness, injury

Bone – Growth deficiency, Fracture, Back pain, Disc prolapse, Spondylitis, Leukemia

Finally, Survival in this world depends on Mooladhara Chakra. Though the above mentioned disease are physical, they are related to emotional or mental disturbances also.

When Mooladhara chakra is weak, immune system becomes weak. Body develops an

Tendency to become sick. In a few cases, the tendency to commit suicide predominates. So to empower self and to raise Kundalini shakthi, Chakra meditation is mandatory.

Chakra meditation is meditation on our chakras. It is based an the principle that each chakra has its own Bija Manthra and when manthras is chanted while meditating on each chakra the sound waves emanating from the corresponding mantra resonates with the chakra and empowers the chakra.

Meditation and chanting

Manthras commences from Mooladhara chakra. Once Mooladhara chakras become powerful, Kundalini shakthi, sleeping like a coiled serpent at the tip of the backbone is awakened. From the tip of the backbone, shakthi ascends up through shushumna nadi (Spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid in the sub arachnoid space). As she ascends up, each chakra starts vibrating finally Kundalini shakthi reaches Sahasrara chakra (Lord Shiva’s abode)

At this stage the meditator reaches the stage of Samadhi (Union with god). Once the stage is reaches by Sadhaka, one acquires health and enjoys bliss. He becomes a real healer.

By chakra meditation, not only Kundalini shakthi is awakened to make a person spiritual and but also results in balancing of chakras by removing the obstacles.

Chakras are made more powerful by chanting specific manthra and as Shakthi ascends through the back chakras, they are made more powerful.

mooladhara Chakra

Moola – Root

Adhara – support

Development – starts functioning in the III trimester of pregnancy (6 months, prenatal) and grows up to 1 year after birth.

Location – Perineum

Element – Earth

Colour – crimson red

Bija manthra – LAM

Number of petals – 4

Endocrine gland – Adrenal

Devatha of the centre – Kundalini shakthi

Centre of chakra – Triangle (Sexuality)

Linga encircled by sleeping snake in a three and half coiled form

Adhipthi Devatha – Lord Ganesha

Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is a disease of colon characterized by abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. Though it is said to begin around the age of 20, it is found to occur even in young children.

Cause: - According to the literature available, the root cause of the problem is not known. The probable cause could be increased motility interfering with the absorptive capacity of the colon. This results in watery stools. In contrast, when the motility is too slow, due to excessive absorption of fluid, constipation results. The peristaltic movement of large intestine is controlled by autonomic nervous system, which responds to stress. Stress weakens the immune system.

Symptoms: - Individual variations are notable feature of IBS. Increased peristaltic movement causes distress in the lower abdomen and watery stools. Need to pass the stools increases but defecation becomes difficult. Slow movement of bowel may lead to hardening of the stools. In such cases severe abdominal pain discomfort and constipation are the main symptoms.

Diagnosis in allopathy according to the literature available, no particular test is done specifically for IBS. When all the tests like x rays, endoscopy, colonoscopy or scanning rule out other diseases, the patient is assumed to suffer from IBS. A diagnosis arrived at by elimination method.

Diagnosis in holistic healing REIKI: - Major chakras are scanned. Usually Ajna chakra which controls autonomic nervous system, Swadhishtana chakra controlling large intestine and mooladhara chakra controlling large intestine malfunction. The patient’s life style, family background, mental balance are taken into account for arriving at the possible cause like suppressed emotion, irritable surroundings etc. Invariably, stress plays a crucial role. In such cases malfunctioning of Manipura chakra is easily diagnosed.

Sujok acupressure:- Acute pain in Primary correspondence point of large intestine , stomach and anus reveal the involvement of these organs.

Treatment: - To relieve the stress _ The first two days Auric and chakra cleansing followed by energising all major chakras are done. This results in relaxation of the mind and physical body. At the same time Ajna Manipura Swadhishtana and Mooladhara chakras are to be healed at least for a week. Based on the response, further course of healing has to be decided by the healer.

Acupressure in large intestine point and anus treatment through large intestine meridian results in fast recovery. Change in life style, food habits and meditation to relieve the stress in mind have added advantage in preventing recurrence of the disease.

Menopause - not a disease

Of late, menopause is being described as a disease, creating tension in women’s mind approaching the stage of menopause. Like birth, puberty, and reproduction, menopause is also a natural phenomenon. Throughout our life, all the activities of the body are being regulated by endocrine glands synthesising hormones. They are always kept in equilibrium according to the age and demand of the internal organs. When a woman reaches the age of menopause, she would have completed all her commitments like education, marriage of children and this is the apt time for her to enjoy life. Freedom from menstrual cycle should make her feel happier because she can attend any function, religious or social. With her maturity, knowledge combined with her experience, she can devote her time in promoting her dormant talents, grooming her grand children, attending any courses for self-improvement. Post menopause period is the happiest time for any woman who knows how to utilise her knowledge and time.

Reduction in estrogen level at post menopause is a natural phenomenon and the reduced level is enough for protecting the heart and bones. Unnecessary fear about menopause as if it is a disease will definitely cause emotional disturbance including mental tension and may lead to heart attack. Fear acts as a slow poison, which triggers hormonal imbalance. So women should realise that like puberty at young age, menopause at late middle age is a normal physiological process. To counter fear and worry, she can resort to meditation to relax the mind. To prevent osteoporosis, plenty of vegetables, fruits and spinach should be included in the normal diet. By being active in doing what she likes to do, she can keep the mind happy and young. Hormone replacement therapy is against nature and it is likely to produce obesity and breast cancer. So women should be able to embrace menopause as a natural phenomena and realise the freedom she has attained to enjoy life.

Frozen shoulder is a condition characterised by stiffness or loss of motion of shoulder joint accompanied by severe pain. Shoulder joint, which connects the hand to the main body, is the most mobile of all the joints in the body. It is also called ball and socket joint. The ball is the head of humerus –the proximal extremity of the arm bone and the socket is provided by the distal end of scapula- the bony base of shoulder. Though maximum provision for mobility is provided by nature, the capsule going around the joint provides protection against dislocation. The capsule covering both ends of the bones forming the joint is a thin but tough membrane called capsular ligament.

At times, due to unknown causes, the capsule starts freezing resulting in frozen shoulder. The movement of the joints gets restricted, the movement of hands becomes painful. Sometimes the pain extends to the upper part of the arm and back of the shoulder. Simple actions like raising the hand, moving the hand towards the neck etc. cause extreme pain.

Frozen shoulder is a self-limiting disease. It occurs in three phases.

Phase I – Freezing phase, where onset of pain occurs limiting the movement of the joints.

Phase II - Frozen stage; pain may be less but stiffness persists.

Phase III – thawing stage where shoulder resumes slowly its normal function.

HEALING

All physical diseases have metaphysical cause. Any emotional disturbance may cause stiffness of shoulder. For e.g. in case of sudden loss of a person, property the person may feel the entire burden on his shoulder resulting in freezing of the shoulder. Mostly the root cause is in the cervical region. Sometimes external injuries may cause pain in the shoulder joint. Immobilisation with the object of resting may lead to frozen shoulder. So the treatment should be aimed at cervical region and thawing of the frozen shoulder joint.

TREATMENT

All the back chakras starting from Mooladhara to Sahasrara are to be cleansed on FIRST AND SECOND DAY. Energising mainly the Mooladhara chakra, Vishudhi chakra and local area, i.e. frozen shoulder will relieve the pain considerably within 2-3 days.

Continuous healing for a week and once/twice in a week during weeks 2 and 3. Then thereafter, once in 15 days for a month and then once a month for the next 2 months to avoid recurrence.

PRINCIPLES OF HEALING

Mooladhara chakra- To remove the block for the energy to flow through sushumna nadi; since mooladhara chakra controls the activities of musculo skeletal system, including the shoulder joint.

Vishudhi Chakra- For healing the neck and the associated structures (hand), local Vishudhi chakra to be healed.

Local area- Beaming the energy through palm chakra by placing both palms on either side of the shoulder joint removes the root cause of the problem.

When Reiki is combined with crystals, healing is faster.

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms. X ray does not reveal any pathological lesion as the bones are not affected. When all tests are negative with persisting pain and restricted movement of the shoulder joint the condition is diagnosed as frozen shoulder . Physio therapy may produce temporary relief. Permanent cure is in alternative system esp. reiki /pranic, magneto therapy, acupuncture or acupressure . Not only permanent cure is obtained but also it is safe, drugless, without side effects , cost effective and non invasive.

Another option is Su jok acupuncture .Needles are applied on primary correspondence points and kidney meridian. Dramatic results are seen and experienced by the patients. Combination of reiki with acupncture / acupressure produce faster results and both do not warrant drugs [drugless therapy]

KUNDALINI SHAKTHI --- OBVIOUS PATHWAY

Kundalini Shakhti is the spiritual energy existing in human beings in the form of a coiled serpent at the tip of the backbone and is associated with Mooladhara chakra. A person doing chakra meditation gets the full benefits from the awakening of the Kundalini shakhti. On meditation, the kundalini shakthi gets uncoiled from the tip of the backbone and ascends up through sushumna nadi (spinal cord) to the level Sahasrara chakra (Shiva’s abode). Though the spinal cord is assumed to be the pathway, it terminates at 1^st lumbar level and there is a wide subarachnoid space around the spinal cord, which extends to the tip of the backbone. Subarachnoid space around the spinal cord and on the surface of the brain is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is supposed to have a mechanical function serving as a water cushion for the central nervous system and aiding in the maintenance of relatively constant intra-cranial pressure.

Chakra meditation energises mooladhara chakra, which in turn awakens the kundalini shakthi. Energy, thus awakened has two routes available i.e. fluid medium (CSF) in the immediate vicinity and a semi-gelatinous medium (Spinal cord) further away from the tip of the backbone. For gentle and smooth flow of energy, CSF appears to be the pathway. Through CSF, energy reaches the subarachnoid space in the brain and stimulates the CSF in the ventricles of the brain. The author’s theory from her personal experience is that the communication between CSF and subarachnoid space, hypophyseal recess, pineal recess, ventricles of the brain and brain substance results in the union of the Shakthi and Shiva and reinforces the activities of the brain. Chakra meditation awakens Kundalini Shakthi. As the energy ascends up the chakras become reinforced. The central canal of the spinal cord opens allowing the energy to reach the ventricles. Though the cerebrospinal fluid is secreted within the ventricles of the brain it is activated by meditation. Balancing of chakras by meditation results in hormonal balance. Awakening of Kundalini shakthi and the flow of energy through the path of least resistance is meditator’s ultimate goal and is for spirituality, self-realisation and finally to reach the stage of samadhi (union with God).

what is holistic healing

Of late, the demand for drugless therapy is increasing since the public is getting frustrated by needless diagnostic tests, skyrocketing price of drugs, spurious drugs, side effects of medicines, surgeries with varied results and is seeking for an alternative. The answer lies in drugless therapies like Reiki, Acupuncture, Acupressure Crystal Therapy and. Magnetotherapy.

I have used these properties of Reiki and crystals and applied the same on Sujok Acupuncture points. Based on the clinical symptoms, correspondence points are identified and healing energy is beamed on these points through the crystals. Energised crystals are also used on meridians.

The object of combination is to make the treatment cost effective, non-invasive and result oriented in a short time. The unique feature of combination is total recovery in short period. There are no tests and drugs involved in any of these methods and so there are no side effects. These methods can also be combined with other forms of healing such as Allopathy, Homeopathy, Ayurveda etc.

Diseases like Allergy, Asthma, Arthritis, Blood pressure, Back pain, Cervical spondylitis,

Disc prolapse, Fibroid, Gastric acidity, Ulcer, Headache, Menstrual problems, Migraine, Sinusitis, Vertigo can be healed without any medicine. For children, problems like Autism, Poor memory, Hyper activity, Dyslexia, Lack of concentration, Mental retardation can be addressed through a combination of these methods.

Psychiatric problems like anxieties, depression and stress can also be addressed. Pain is the most common symptom in diseases. Relief from Pain is often dramatic through Reiki and Acupressure

More importantly, these techniques are easy to learn and one can heal themselves and others for their problems. Besides these are good to practice on a daily basis (not just when one is sick) to keep oneself healthy.

realise the energy in your hands to heal yourself and others

heart diseases and holisting healing

Of late, cardiac diseases are on the rise, the reason being change in lifestyle – food habits, high BP, drugs, over work, alcohol, smoking, emotional disturbances and stress affecting both men and women of all ages.

The heart is the center of our action, both anatomically and metaphorically. It functions automatically with its own pacemaker and blood vessels (coronary circulation). Since heart is the control center of our body, emotions have a pivotal role in our immune mechanism. Emotional disturbances resulting in excessive secretion of cortisone and adrenaline affects the immune mechanism. Those who are always under stress, workaholics, living without exercises are more susceptible to cardiac problems. Hormonal imbalances & mental barriers can also lead to heart diseases. Few decades back it was considered to be a ‘man’s disease’. Since women have also been taking up strenuous jobs, nowadays heart attack does not discriminate against sex.

DIAGNOSIS

Based on clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests and pathological lesions, numerous technical terms are given - pericarditis,myocarditis, endocarditis,infarct, bradycardia, tachycardia, thrombosis, diseases of valves, angina pectoris are some of the allopathic terms. Holistic treatments like Reiki and Pranic healing are based on chakra functioning (Chakras are the energy centres in the invisible auric body of a person They are located in the inner aura on the midline of the body). In healthy situation, all the chakras are in balance. In ill health, chakras are referred to as being either congested (over-energised) or depleted (weak). Diagnosis in Reiki is a simple procedure consuming less than five minutes. Scanning is done by using the palm chakras and based on the vibrations experienced in the palm of the healer, normal or malfunctioning of chakras is diagnosed.

In Reiki, functioning of the heart is said to be under the control of Anahatha chakra.

In Cardiac diseases, scanning with the palm may reveal either congestion or depletion of Anahatha (or heart chakra) which is located in the middle of the chest region. Another simple technique is by applying gentle pressure on the primary correspondence point in the palm (Sujok Acupuncture point) where the patient feels acute pain. Another is by applying the healer’s fingertips in the heart meridian (index finger) of the patient, it can be easily diagnosed whether the heart needs sedation or stimulation. In all their simple diagnostic tests, no gadget is required.

In reiki/pranic healing/Sujok Acupuncture, symptoms for cardiac problems such as breathlessness, pain in the chest region, pain in the left hand, palpitation are considered to involve the Anahatha (heart) chakra and Manipura chakra. High BP usually means congestion of Mooladhara chakra (tip of the backbone) and healing of this restores the function of adrenal gland, thus normalising the BP. In case of emotional disturbances, which affects the mind, Ajna, Anahatha and Manipura chakras are to be treated.

HEALING

Holistic medicine aims at self-healing. It is the mind–body-medicine. The goal is to accomplish the healing process that is physical and mental. Healing using cosmic energy as is done in Reiki brings about miraculous recovery. When healing cardiac problems, since Ajna chakra has control over all the chakras, Mooladhara for survival, and heart chakra specifically for the heart, Manipura chakras for control of emotions, these chakras are healed. All the chakras are brought to balance by channelising cosmic energy and automatically heart chakra works in harmony with other chakras thus restoring health.

In some cardiac problems warranting surgery like infarct, coronary blocks, valvular degeneration or emotional disturbances psychic surgery is done. In psychic surgery, the patient is taken to deep level of relaxation. By autosuggestion, the patient identifies the negative energy that is causing the disease and the healer with his psychic power removes the negative force that is surfacing. In psychic surgery, the patient’s physical body is not even touched by the healer.

In majority of the cases which are treated by using a combination of crystals programmed with reiki, and Acupuncture/Acupressure duration of the treatment is cut short.

Acupressure is applied on the primary correspondence point in the palm and based on the symptom, pressure is applied on the heart/small intestine meridian (Yin/Yang).

PREVENTION

To remove the stress on the mind and physical body which is responsible for precipitating the heart attack, simple meditation helps. In guided cosmic meditation, absorption in meditation leads to inner awareness, which can then be extended into the affected parts of the body through concentrated visualization. When this kind of extension is practiced the process of self-renewal and self-defense gets accelerated and healing takes place. Certain acupressure points for self-healing to prevent recurrence of the disease and for emergencies are taught to the patients. During healing, melodious music is played to relax the mind. Programmed crystals are given for self-healing.

Holistic healing is simple, total, cost effective and without side effects – and compatible with all other treatment methods. The healer’s hand is the only tool to channelise the cosmic energy, which is abundance in the universe and has extraordinary healing power.

CAUSE OF VACCINE FAILURE

Of late there are reports on polio cases in Tamil Nadu, but there are no authentic reports on whether these cases were in immunized or non-immunized children.

There are several causes for the failure of oral vaccines. The most important one is the development of immune system of the recipient. For the oral vaccines to produce the expected immune response, the fetal immune machinery has to be properly developed. Fetus, which was once thought to be immunologically inert, develops primary lymphoid organ, called Peyer’s Patches (PP) in the gut, which is the first organ to encounter antigenic stimuli. The mechanism of antigen binding is crucial for conferring immunity or failure, the latter is immuno deficiency syndrome.

To recognise the cause of failure, due to the failure of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), knowledge of development and cyto-architectural pattern of GALT, distributed in the ileum as PP, is mandatory.

The terminal part of small intestine called ileum has aggregation of lymphoid nodules (ALN) forming PP in the anti mesenteric wall. The mucous membrane is characterised by the dome and non-dome areas. Non-dome areas are surface projections called villi with tall columnar cells with microvilli and mucus secreting goblet cells. In between the villi are domes. Domes are extension of submucosal lymphoid nodules projecting into the mucosa. Domes are lined by short cuboidal cells called ‘M’ cells with intraepithelial lymphocytes. Absence of goblet cells is notable feature of dome epithelium.

PP are aggregates lymphoid tissue, forming nodules (ALN) in the submucosa. ALN has three main components – germinal centres (of PPs) referred to as Bcell region, inter nodular areas, known as Tcell region, associated with immuno competent B Cells. The ability of local immune response esp. in case of oral vaccine depends on the proper development of PPs, which commences in the prenatal stage.

In the II trimester of pregnancy, lymphopoises commences. Increased activity of lymphopoietic cell forms aggregated lymphoid nodules, occupying submucosa. Development of dome is an extension of ALN into the mucous membrane. Domes are characterised by short cuboidal epithelial lining called follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of M cells and infiltration of lymphocytes as seen in postnatal life. In fetus, cuboidal M cells are distinguished by hyperchromatic cytoplasm as against vacuolated cytoplasm of columnar cells of villi with H&E staining. The dome with FAE, M Cells, IEL, goblet cells in the villi, and PP in the submucosa form the primary lymphoid organ called Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT), in the fetus and are totally responsible for recognition of antigen, conferring immunity. Certain cytoarchitectural abnormalities, even in developmental stages could form the cause of vaccine failures. Structural abnormalities such as flat mucosa (absence of villi), stunted villi, fewer villi leads to deficiency of IgA secretion, and the absence of goblet cells render the epithelium defenseless. The concomitant deficiency of lymphopoiesis may result in reduction of plasma cells, essential for secretion of antibody, resulting in immuno-deficiency. For the immune response, there must be coordination between “B” lymphocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, lymphatics, secretory columnar cells and goblet cells.

Apart from developmental defects, inflammatory changes such as hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, stratification of PPs, lymphocytic infiltration of lamina propria may be present, indicative of intrauterine infection in apparently healthy children.

Oral vaccine evokes a local immune response in the GALT stimulating antibody production. The abnormalities in development might lead to immuno incompetence of neonates. With the abnormal internal milieu prevailing in GALT, the defects detailed may not show any clinical symptoms and children are apparently normal with enteropathy.

My suggestion is that mass vaccination which happens without checking the child’s health should be banned.

Some decades back, vaccines were administered only to the apparently healthy children. Even if the child had common cold, parents were advised to bring the children later. The reason is that any infection is likely to interfere with the specific antibody production against the vaccine; but nowadays, mass vaccination is done irrespective of health condition of the children.

Oral vaccine, when administered in sick children {with any infection} reaches the lymphoid organ in the gut, which does not provide a conducive atmosphere for the production of antibody due to any one of the causes listed earlier. The attenuated virus in the vaccine may mutate to become virulent resulting in polio or the failure of vaccine to produce antibody in the abnormal environment may make the child prone to acquire the disease at a later stage.

To ensure that vaccination is done, every child at preschool stage should have a certificate from health officer in vaccination centre {corporation, Municipality} which has to be produced in school for admission.

Apart from the biological aspect, meticulous care in production of vaccine, maintenance of cold chain also play a crucial role in affording immunity.

P.S. I have done research on Gut associated lymphoid tissue in day old calves and foetus. I am of the opinion that a lot of research has to be done on the development of fetal immune system and correlate it vaccine failure. Similarly now Chinese brain fever vaccine is used in a few pockets of TamilNadu . Viral vaccines are supposed to be manufactured using local strains. Should we introduce a new strain and watch our children suffering from encephalitis/with a new strain of encephalitis virus?